Core Collection Full Record Details

The following sections describe information found in a full record.

Abstract

A brief summary or description of the essential content from the source document. Author abstracts are available for the years indicated:

Citation Indexes

• Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) --1991-present
• Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) -- 1992-present
• Arts & Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI) -- 2000-present
• Conference Proceedings Citation Index- Science (CPCI-S) -- 1991-present
• Conference Proceedings Citation Index- Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH) --1992-present
• Book Citation Index– Science (BKCI-S) -- 2005-present
• Book Citation Index– Social Sciences & Humanities (BKCI-SSH) -- 2005-present

Chemistry Indexes

• Current Chemical Reactions (CCR-EXPANDED) --1985-present
• Index Chemicus (IC) -- 1993-present

Keywords

Author Keywords

Author keywords are included in records of articles from 1991 forward.

Author keywords are also included in conference proceedings In Web of Science Core Collection.

Keywords Plus^®

KeyWords Plus^® are index terms automatically generated from the titles of cited articles. KeyWords Plus terms must appear more than once in the bibliography and are ordered from multi-word phrases to single terms. KeyWords Plus augments traditional keyword or title retrieval.

Author Information

Corresponding Address (Previously Reprint Address)

The address of the corresponding author. It appears after the corresponding author name. A corresponding address may include:

• Corresponding author
• Organization
• Suborganization
• Street
• City
• State or Province
• Zip or Postal Code

If an address has a preferred organization name, then an Expand icon appears before the address.

Addresses

The addresses of all authors as supplied by the source journal.

The number before the address is associated with the author name that appears in the Author(s) field with the same (superscript) number.

Most records of articles published in 2008 or later link an address to an author name via a number in superscript next to the author name.

E-mail Addresses

The e-mail address of the author(s).

Funding

This field contains funding information from the source document. Web of Science Core Collection has been capturing funding information since 2008 in SCI-Expanded and since 2015 in SSCI. The Funding Agency table also lists the Preferred Funding Agency names when available.

In 2021, Web of Science began supplementing the grant information with grant agencies, grant numbers, and additional grant details ingested directly from online grant repositories.

Funding Agency Name

The funding agency names provided in the funding information are listed in the Funding Agency table. When a preferred name is available it is listed in the table. Click show details to see the original names for those rows that list the preferred funding agency by default. See the preferred funder name list at the bottom of this page for a list for a listing of funding agency names that have been unified.

Note that some preferred funding agency names are a part of a hierarchy. For example, the NIH, “National Institutes of Health (NIH) – USA” is the preferred name for NIH, and United States Department of Health & Human Services is its the parent agency:

United States Department of Health & Human Services

National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA

Appeared in source as NIH

Grant Number

Funding information usually includes an ID number or code assigned by the funding agencies for a specific funding project. Examples of these are grant numbers, project numbers, and program numbers.

In Web of Science Core Collection, this identifier is called a grant number.

Grant numbers in the Web of Science Core Collection come from three sources

• Funding acknowledgment text indexed from the original publication

• MEDLINE data that corresponds to publications in the Web of Science Core Collection

• Funding details acquired directly from online grant repositories.

In 2008, Web of Science Core Collection began indexing funding acknowledgment text provided with the original publications.

In 2016, Web of Science Core Collection began supplementing the grant information with grant agencies and grant numbers from MEDLINE and researchfish®. Records that already contained grant information will not be changed. Records that did not have grant information were updated with grant information from MEDLINE and researchfish®.

In 2021, Web of Science Core Collection began supplementing the grant number data with grant data ingested directly from online grant repositories. Records with grant numbers from the funding text or from MEDLINE may display the same or similar grant numbers captured directly from the online grant repository.

Funding Text

Click View funding text to view the acknowledgment of support indexed from the source document.

Funding sources that supported the research may be identified by the source article. Generally, this information is found in the acknowledgment section which often comes before the references at the end of the article. You may also find funding information at the end of the abstract or with address information.

Grant Information

Click Show Details next to a grant number to see additional funding detail

Grant information details comes from funding acknowledgment text indexed from articles in Web of Science Core Collection; indexing began in 2008.

Grant information is publicly available on many websites like researchfish®, FedReporter, and the US National Science Foundation (NSF).

In 2016, Web of Science Core Collection began supplementing the grant information with grant agencies and grant numbers from MEDLINE. Records that already contained grant information did not change, but records that did not have grant information were updated with grant information from MEDLINE.

In 2021, Web of Science Core Collection began supplementing the grant information with grant agencies, grant numbers, and additional grant details ingested directly from publicly available online grant repositories. These additional funding details may include grant title, grant description, total award amount, primary investigators, key words, and other descriptive fields when available from the grant repository.

Grant Repository Sources

In 2021, Web of Science began supplementing the grant information with grant agencies, grant numbers, and additional grant details ingested directly from online grant repositories.

Source Name	Country	Year Range
Federal RePORTER NOTE: The Federal RePORTER system was retired on March 1, 2022	US	2000-2020*
Kaken	Japan	2005-present
NIH (National Institute of Health)	US	1985-present
NSF (National Science Foundation)	US	1959-present
Researchfish	Various	N/A
Russian Science Foundation NOTE: Suspended as of July 2022 - new grants will not be added	Russia	2014-2022
UKRI (UK Research & Innovation)	UK	1973-present
FCT (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology)	Portugal	1997-present
Australian Research Council	Australia	2001-present
NHMRC (National Health & Medical Research Council)	Australia	2013-present
Austrian Science Fund	Austria	2017-present
KISTI (Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)	Korea	1960-present
MBIE (New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment)	New Zealand	2008-present
Academy of Finland	Finland	2001-2021
FAPESP (São Paulo Research Foundation)	Brazil	1990-present
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation	US	2010-2022
National Institutes of Heath Research (NIHR)	England	2006-present
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)	US	1985-present
Environmental Protection Agency Ireland (EPA)	Ireland`	2000-2020
Erasmus+	EU	2018
European Research Council (ERC)	EU	2008-2022
H2020 Societal Challenges Programme	EU	2014-2020
Health Research Board (HRB)	Ireland	2007-2020
Irish Research Council (IRC)	Ireland	1999-2021
Marie Curie Actions (MCSA)	EU	2013-2021
National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH)	US	1953-present
Royal Society (UK)	UK	1996-2020
Royal Society of New Zealand	New Zealand	1996-2020
Science Foundation Ireland (SFI)	Ireland	2001-2019
Swedish Energy Agency (Energimyndigheten) (SEA)	Sweden	2007-2019
Swedish Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences	Sweden	2008-2020
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF)	Sweden	2008-2020
Swedish Research Council (VR)	Sweden	2008-2025
Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (Formas)	Sweden	2008-2022
Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare (Forte)	Sweden	2008-2019
Swiss National Science Foundation	Switzerland	2008-2022
U.S. Department of Defense	US	2010-2023
Vinnova	Sweden	2008-2020
Wellcome Trust (WT)	UK	2006-2025

 

Publisher

The publisher of the source document. Includes the publisher name and publisher address.

Note: See our Master Journal List for a list of our publications.

Journal Information

Table of Contents: Current Content Connect^®

This field contains a link to the Current Contents Connect^® Browse Journals page where you can browse the table of contents of journals and books covered by the editions and collections to which you subscribe in Current Contents Connect.

Performance Trends: Essential Science Indicators^SM

This field contains a link to Essential Science Indicators where you can perform in-depth analysis to find data for ranking scientists, institutions, countries, and journals. With Essential Science Indicators, you can:

• Explore science performance statistics and science trends data, based on journal article publication counts and citation data
• Determine research output and impact in specific fields of research
• Evaluate potential employees, collaborators, reviewers, and peers

Impact Factor: Journal Citation Reports^®

The Journal Impact Factor is defined as all citations to the journal in the current JCR year to items published in the previous two years, divided by the total number of scholarly items (these comprise articles, reviews, and proceedings papers) published in the journal in the previous two years.

Though not a strict mathematical average, the Journal Impact Factor provides a functional approximation of the mean citation rate per citable item. A Journal Impact Factor of 1.0 means that, on average, the articles published one or two years ago have been cited one time. A Journal Impact Factor of 2.5 means that, on average, the articles published one or two years ago have been cited two and a half times. The citing works may be articles published in the same journal. However, most citing works are from different journals, proceedings, or books indexed in Web of Science Core Collection.

Categories / Classification

The Categories / Classification section of the full record will display broad Research Areas, Web of Science Categories, Citation Topics, and Sustainable Development Goals.

Web of Science Categories

Subject category of the source publication. Some source publications are assigned to multiple categories. Records of documents from those publications contain multiple subject categories.

Research area of the source publication. A publication may have more than one research area.

Web of Science Core Collection Subject Categories
Acoustics	Electrochemistry	Literature	Physics, Condensed Matter
Agricultural Economics & Policy	Emergency Medicine	Literature, African, Australian, Canadian	Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Agricultural Engineering	Endocrinology & Metabolism	Literature, American	Physics, Mathematical
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science	Energy & Fuels	Literature, British Isles	Physics, Multidisciplinary
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary	Engineering, Aerospace	Literature, German, Dutch, Scandinavian	Physics, Nuclear
Agronomy	Engineering, Biomedical	Literature, Romance	Physics, Particles & Fields
Allergy	Engineering, Chemical	Literature, Slavic	Physiology
Anatomy & Morphology	Engineering, Civil	Logic	Planning & Development
Andrology	Engineering, Electrical & Electronic	Management	Plant Sciences
Anesthesiology	Engineering, Environmental	Marine & Freshwater Biology	Poetry
Anthropology	Engineering, Geological	Materials Science, Biomaterials	Political Science
Archaeology	Engineering, Industrial	Materials Science, Ceramics	Polymer Science
Architecture	Engineering, Manufacturing	Materials Science, Characterization & Testing	Primary Health Care
Area Studies	Engineering, Marine	Materials Science, Coatings & Films	Psychiatry
Art	Engineering, Mechanical	Materials Science, Composites	Psychology
Asian Studies	Engineering, Multidisciplinary	Materials Science, Multidisciplinary	Psychology, Applied
Astronomy & Astrophysics	Engineering, Ocean	Materials Science, Paper & Wood	Psychology, Biological
Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology	Engineering, Petroleum	Materials Science, Textiles	Psychology, Clinical
Automation & Control Systems	Entomology	Mathematical & Computational Biology	Psychology, Developmental
Behavioral Sciences	Environmental Sciences	Mathematics	Psychology, Educational
Biochemical Research Methods	Environmental Studies	Mathematics, Applied	Psychology, Experimental
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology	Ergonomics	Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications	Psychology, Mathematical
Biodiversity Conservation	Ethics	Mechanics	Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Biology	Ethnic Studies	Medical Ethics	Psychology, Psychoanalysis
Biophysics	Evolutionary Biology	Medical Informatics	Psychology, Social
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology	Family Studies	Medical Laboratory Technology	Public Administration
Business	Film, Radio, Television	Medicine, General & Internal	Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Business, Finance	Fisheries	Medicine, Legal	Quantum Science & Technology
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems	Folklore	Medicine, Research & Experimental	Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Cell Biology	Food Science & Technology	Medieval & Renaissance Studies	Rehabilitation
Cell & Tissue Engineering	Forestry	Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering	Religion
Chemistry, Analytical	Gastroenterology & Hepatology	Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences	Remote Sensing
Chemistry, Applied	Genetics & Heredity	Microbiology	Reproductive Biology
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear	Geochemistry & Geophysics	Microscopy	Respiratory System
Chemistry, Medicinal	Geography	Mineralogy	Rheumatology
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary	Geography, Physical	Mining & Mineral Processing	Robotics
Chemistry, Organic	Geology	Multidisciplinary Sciences	Social Issues
Chemistry, Physical	Geosciences, Multidisciplinary	Music	Social Sciences, Biomedical
Classics	Geriatrics & Gerontology	Mycology	Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
Clinical Neurology	Gerontology	Nanoscience & Nanotechnology	Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods
Communication	Green & Sustainable Science & Technology	Neuroimaging	Social Work
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence	Health Care Sciences & Services	Neurosciences	Sociology
Computer Science, Cybernetics	Health Policy & Services	Nuclear Science & Technology	Soil Science
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture	Hematology	Nursing	Spectroscopy
Computer Science, Information Systems	History	Nutrition & Dietetics	Sport Sciences
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications	History & Philosophy of Science	Obstetrics & Gynecology	Statistics & Probability
Computer Science, Software Engineering	History of Social Sciences	Oceanography	Substance Abuse
Computer Science, Theory & Methods	Horticulture	Oncology	Surgery
Construction & Building Technology	Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism	Operations Research & Management Science	Telecommunications
Criminology & Penology	Humanities, Multidisciplinary	Ophthalmology	Theater
Critical Care Medicine	Imaging Science & Photographic Technology	Optics	Thermodynamics
Crystallography	Immunology	Ornithology	Toxicology
Cultural Studies	Industrial Relations & Labor	Orthopedics	Transplantation
Dance	Infectious Diseases	Otorhinolaryngology	Transportation
Demography	Information Science & Library Science	Paleontology	Transportation Science & Technology
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine	Instruments & Instrumentation	Parasitology	Tropical Medicine
Dermatology	Integrative & Complementary Medicine	Pathology	Urban Studies
Development Studies	International Relations	Pediatrics	Urology & Nephrology
Developmental Biology	Language & Linguistics	Peripheral Vascular Disease	Veterinary Sciences
Ecology	Law	Pharmacology & Pharmacy	Virology
Economics	Limnology	Philosophy	Water Resources
Education & Educational Research	Linguistics	Physics, Applied	Women's Studies
Education, Scientific Disciplines	Literary Reviews	Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical	Zoology
Education, Special	Literary Theory & Criticism

Citation Topics

Citation Topics are algorithmically derived citation clusters (using an algorithm developed by CWTS, Leiden). This is a three-level hierarchical document-level classification system. The three levels of the hierarchy and their content according the 2021 clustering are available to download.

Download the 2021 schema from the bottom of this article. 

On April 2022 there is available the re-clustering of Citation Topics.

For Macro-topics, the majority of the documents are assigned to the same Macro-topic with an average stability of 96.88%, being Clinical & Life Sciences the most conserved one (99.06% documents' stability) and Arts & Humanities the one with the higher change (94.15% document's stability). None of the Macro-topic label names has changed.

For Meso-topics, the documents' stability is higher than 90%. The 314 Meso-topic, Social Work, has been re-labeled to 314- Homelessness & Human Trafficking.

Micro-topics are the Citation Topics with a higher change in the content size with Micro-topics increasing the content and others reducing it. However most have maintained stable number of documents. For Micro-topics, 160 have changes in the label name, and 13 new have been added as result of the re-clustering.

Download the 2022 schema from the bottom of this article. 

For additional information, see refer to the InCites Benchmarking and Analytics helpfile.

Sustainable Development Goals

The 2030 United Nations Agenda for Sustainable Development contains 17 core Sustainable Development Goals, which are calls for action by all countries.

The Sustainable Development Goals schema in the Web of Science allows to Refine and Analyze according 16 of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.

Individual goals of the UN Sustainable Development Goals were compared to Micro Citation Topics. Selected Micro Citation Topics and their associated publications were assigned to one or more of the 16 Sustainable Development Goals.

Every time the Micro Citation Topics are reviewed, the Sustainable Development Goals will be updated accordingly.

The 16 Sustainable Development Goals in WoS are:

1. No Poverty

2. Zero Hunger

3. Good Health and Well-Being

4. Quality Education

5. Gender Equality

6. Clean Water and Sanitation

7. Affordable and Clean Energy

8. Decent Work and Economic Growth

9. Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure

10. Reduced Inequalities

11. Sustainable Cities and Communities

12. Responsible Consumption and Production

13. Climate Action

14. Life Below Water

15. Life on Land

16. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions

See the InCites help file for more information.

Document Information

Document Type

The selected document type. For example, Article, Book, or Conference Proceedings. The Web of Science Core Collection classifies items into over 45 different document types.

Book Chapter Count

The total number of chapters in a book.

Some records in Web of Science may have two document types: Article and Proceedings Paper.

An Article is generally published in a journal. A Proceedings Paper is generally published in a book of conference proceedings. Records covered in the two Conference Proceedings indexes (CPCI-S and CPCI-SSH) are identified as Proceedings Paper. The same records covered in the three indexes (SCI-E, SSCI, and A&HCI) are identified as Article when published in a journal.

Language

The selected language of the source document.

Accession Number

A unique identifying number associated with each record in the product. It consists of a product identification code and a unique item number.

PMID

PubMed ID. The PubMed ID is available for records of documents that have corresponding records in MEDLINE.

ISBN

The International Standard Book Number is a unique machine-readable identifier that marks a book unmistakably.

The format is a 10-digit number that contains 3 hyphens (-). The last digit is a check character, which may be a number or an X. The position of the hyphens can vary for each ISBN identifier. Example: 978-0-387-36949-5

ISSN

The International Standard Serial Number is a unique eight-digit number that identifies periodical publications such as journals and electronic publications. If a journal has both a print ISSN and an electronic ISSN, then both display. The format is four numbers, a hyphen (-), three numbers, and then a check character that may be a number or X. Example: 1367-4803

eISSN

The Electronic International Standard Serial Number is a unique eight-digit number that identifies periodical publications such as journals and electronic publications. If a journal has an electronic ISSN, then that number display in this field. The format is four numbers, a hyphen (-), three numbers, and then a check character that may be a number or X. Example: 1367-4803

Cited References

The Cited References count displays the number of documents cited by the current record. Click the link to view the list of cited references. From there you can view the full record of each cited reference. (Access to the full records of cited references may be limited to your institution's subscription.)

Some articles have enriched the cited references with additional context that is designed to capture the author’s intent when citing references in the body of their article including:

• how many times a reference was cited within this article so that you know how impactful it was to the author

• what references are cited in proximity so that you know which references are most related

• where in the body of the article it was cited so that you know why the reference might have been cited (ie, references from the introduction or beginning of an article are foundational articles whereas references from the material and methods section may related to how the experiment was structured).

A visualization accompanies these enriched cited references in which a dot indicates each time a cited reference was cited within the body of the article. Hover on the dots to see which reference the dot represents. Click on the “View in-text mention” to navigate down to the cited reference of interest and see which other references were cited nearby, which suggests a close degree of relatedness.

You may also sort the enriched cited references to view them in the order of first appearance (most like a traditional bibliography); by all appearances (so you can see which references were cited near each other; and by Cited in article-Highest (so you can surface the must-read, most impactful references if you are pressed for time).

This enhancement has been released in a beta format. At initial release, it is available for selected content from Web of Science Core Collection only. We welcome feedback to inform future enhancements.

Citing Items Classification

The Citing items by classification is a breakdown of how an article has been referenced, based on citation context data and in-text mentions from eligible citing items. This analysis reflects the number of times an article has been cited by another article indexed in Web of Science Core Collection that has citation context available.

In general, citation context is available for records that are classified as doctype is "article" and were published recently (data availability starts in 2019 with an ever-expanding journal set). Because citation context is not available for older content or publications that are not classified as articles, a total number of citing items is provided to help put the analysis in perspective. Each citing item can mention the article one or more times within the body of the article. The total number of citation classifications reflects the number of in-text mentions in the citing items and may exceed the total number of citing items.

Seeing the citation classifications in aggregate from all items that cited this item gives researchers an idea on why it is cited. Using the citation classifications assigned to newly published articles as part of our enriched cited references feature, we have aggregated mentions to this article based on the author’s intent

• Background — previously published research that orients the current study within a scholarly area

• Basis — references that report the data sets, methods, concepts and ideas that the author is using for her work directly or on which the author bases their work

• Discuss — references mentioned because the current study is going into a more detailed discussion

• Support — references which the current study reports to have similar results to. This may also refer to similarities in methodology or in some cases replication of results.

• Differ — references which the current study reports to have differing results to. This may also refer to differences in methodology or differences in sample sizes, affecting results.

Because authors can cite any previously published research, this Citing Items by Classification breakdown may be found on any article in the Web of Science Core Collection.

You can click on the citing items assigned to a specific classification to view the citing articles and each in-text mentions associated with the selected classification. Each in-text mention will include a brief snippet of the author’s exact words used when citing this source.

Citation Performance

The citation performance for an article relative to peer articles can be found by clicking  "Open comparison metrics panel" on the right of each record. Citation performance metrics are available for all items in the Web of Science from 1980 to the present. Citation performance metrics are updated once a month in the InCites Benchmarking & Analytics Platform. 

Citation performance metrics for InCites Benchmarking & Analytics subscribers. 

Customers who have an active InCites Benchmarking & Analytics subscription will see

Category Normalized Citation Impact	Category Normalized Citation Impact (CNCI) is the ratio of a document's actual times cited count to the expected count for a document of the same type, from the same category, and published in the same year. If the ratio is above 1, then the document's citation performance is above average.
Category expected citations	The expected number of citations calculated from other items of the same type (article, review, etc.) published in the same subject categories and year.
Percentile in subject area	The percentage of documents of the same type, from the same category and published in the same year that have a lower citation count than this paper.
Journal Normalized Citation Impact	Journal Normalized Citation Impact (JNCI) is the ratio of a document's actual times cited count to the expected count for a document of the same type, from the same journal, and published in the same year. If the ratio is above 1, then the document's citation performance is above average.
Journal expected citations	The expected number of citations calculated from other items of the same type (article, review, etc.) published in the same journal and year

Citation performance metrics for users without and InCites Benchmark & Analytics subscription.

Users without an InCites Benchmarking & Analytics subscription will see a reduced view of the citation performance metrics. Those without a subscription will see only whether an item's citation performance is above or below average for peer items from the same journal or subject category.  

Chemical Reaction Fields (Patent Information)

Any or all of the following fields may appear in a record, depending on the content and type of the source document. If no data are available for a particular field, then the field does not display.

Field	Description
Patent Title	The title of the patent.
Author(s) / Inventor(s)	The inventor(s) of an invention.
Patent Number	The patent number is a unique identifier of a specific patent.
Example	DE10146433-A1
Addresses	The address of the patent assignee.
Document Type	The selected document type.
Patent Kind	A kind code is a one- or two-character code that indicates the stage in the patenting process.
Patent Date	The date of the granted patent.
Latest Priority Date	The latest date when the patent was filed.
Latest Priority Country	The country where the patent was last filed.
Latest Priority Number	The number of the patent issued by the latest priority country.
Earliest Priority Date	The earliest date when the patent was filed.
Earliest Priority Country	The country where the patent was first filed.
Earliest Priority Number	The number of the patent issued by the earliest priority country.
Reactions	A graphical display of the reactions. If you want to copy a reaction from this page, right-click inside the structure to bring up a contextual menu. Select the Copy option. Paste the copied structure in the Structure Drawing box on the search page in order to ceate a new chemical search query.

Other Information

IDS Number

The IDS Number uniquely identifies an issue of a journal. At one time, it was used to order copies of articles from a document delivery service. This identifier still has utility because records of articles from the same issue of a journal share the same IDS Number.

Please contact your library administrator, or person(s) responsible for document delivery, to learn how to obtain printed copies of articles. Alternatively, go to the website of the Copyright Clearance Center, www.contentscm.com, to learn how to order copies of documents from the CCC.

To access the full text of a document in electronic form, open the Full Text Options menu above a full record.

You May Also Like

In this section of a record, view a list of records you might find interesting based on the current record. It can help you discover other relevant records.

We use anonymous usage data from all our users to populate this list. When someone visits a full record page and also visits another record page, these two topics may relate to a similar topic. When we analyze millions of these relationships, we can start to gain more confidence in the connection between records.

If a record does not display a You May Also Like section, it is likely due to there not being enough data to populate a list.

Times Cited

The Times Cited count is the number of articles in the database that cite the current article. Click the number to go to the list of citing articles.

Compounds

If the record was retrieved from Index Chemicus, new compounds reported in the article are listed below the bibliographic record.

Reactions

If the record was retrieved from Current Chemical Reactions, reactions from each new synthetic method reported in the source article are listed below the bibliographic record.

Full Record Fields

Title

The full title of the journal article, conference proceeding, book, book chapter, and so on.

A book chapter record is the title of the book chapter. The source is the title of the book. If the title and the source are the same, then it is always a book.

By

The names of all authors. You may see two versions of an author name in records of articles published in 2006 and later. Be aware that you must still search for an author by last name followed by one or more initials.

A superscript number may appear after an author's name. This means we have found an association between the author's name and the author's address. When you click the number link, the system takes you to the Addresses field where you can see the author's address.

In some cases, an author may be assigned more than one address and you will see more than one superscript number. In other cases, an author may not be assigned an address while other authors of the same article are assigned an address. This occurs when we cannot determine which address is associated with an author.

The product maintains the author / address association when you print, e-mail, save, and export records. In the Address field of your output document, look for the author's name before the address.

Group Author(s)

The name of the organization or institution that authored the source document. For example, the IEEE and Down Syndrome Res Grp.

Book Author(s)

The names of one or more book authors.

Book Group Author(s)

The names of one or more institutional authors of a book such as IEEE.

Edited by

The name of one or more editors of a source publication. Note that a corporate author can also be an editor.

Click the hyperlink to see a complete list of documents edited by the selected person.

View Researcher Profile and ORCID

This table lists the authors who have claimed the document as their work. Click an identifier to view the author's publication list on their researcher profile, hosted on Publons, or ORCID. An author may have a Web of Science ResearcherID number or an ORCID, or both.

If you're the author of the article, add it to your researcher profile, hosted on Publons, by selecting Claim on Publons - Track Citations from the drop-down menu.

For more information about Publons, visit publons.com.

For more information about ORCID, visit orcid.org.

Source

Source information generally appears in the following order.

• Volume
• Issue
• Pages
• Part Number
• Supplement
• Special Issue
• Meeting Abstract Number
• Article Number
• DOI
• Published (Publication Date)

Journal Information

The title of the source publication followed by:

• Volume Number
• Issue Number
• Special Issue Number
• Page Range
• DOI (Digital Object Identifier)
• Part Number
• Supplement Number
• Publication Date

Books

The title of the source publication followed by:

• Book Series (if applicable)
• Volume Number
• Issue
• Page Range
• DOI (Digital Object Identifier)
• Publication Date

Book Series

The title of the source publication followed by:

• Book Series Title
• Volume Number
• Page Range
• DOI (Digital Object Identifier)
• Publication Date

Conference

The title of the source publication followed by:

• Conference Title
• Conference Location
• Conference Date